Building

The Red Line will link the most congested areas of the city of Tel Aviv, operating along 24km and serving 34 stations. The light rail trains will run above ground as well as through a tunnel section of 11km length, connecting ten underground stations. Excavation of the twin tube tunnels will be undertaken by TBMs. The tunnels will be connected by cross passages spaced at a maximum distance of 250m. Station boxes will be constructed using diaphragm walls and piles. The Red Line should start its operation by 2021 and transport 70 million passengers per year.

The Crosstown is a light rail transit line, which is part of the regional transportation plan for the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area. The project will provide a 19km corridor across Eglinton Avenue, connecting ten stops at grade and 15 underground stations with a 10km twin-bored tunnel. Dr G. Sauer & Partners provided detailed design for Oakwood, Avenue, and Laird stations. A combination of Cut-and-Cover construction for the shafts and mined techniques (SEM) for the tunnels was utilised. Excavation and support measures were tailored to the ground conditions. Finite element analyses were carried out to determine structural capacity of linings and trigger values to meet stingent settlement criteria at the surface.

Holborn is a London Underground station in central London. It is served by the Central and Piccadilly lines. Demand for both lines at Holborn is high. The principal design challenges are the close proximity of the proposed tunnels to existing operational tunnels, complex tunnel geometry and alignments, limited clearance to existing buildings, restricted work sites and strict settlement criteria. The lining system is a double shell lining with both linings considered part of the permanent load bearing structure.

Crossrail 2 is a proposed new rail infrastructure project, aiming to alleviate further crowding and congestion across London. The proposed central route will provide a link between Wimbledon in the South and New Southgate and Tottenham Hale in the North with a provision for an Eastern branch towards Hackney Central. It will provide interchange with multiple London underground, London Overground, Crossrail 1, national and international rail services. It is expected to increase significantly the capacity of the regional rail network and reduce the journey times supporting the population growth of the City of London.

Ottawa's Confederation Line runs from Tunney's Pasture in the west to Blair station in the east, is 12.5 km long and includes 15 stations. The central piece is a 2.5 km long tunnel, running under the central business district of the city, including 3 underground stations. The twin track running tunnel and 3 underground stations were designed using the mined construction method in order to minimise surface disruption. The underground stations are located adjacent to existing, sensitive and historic buildings and required detailed risk mitigation measures during design. An innovative engineering solution involving a tailor-made excavation sequence and permanent tension ties spanning the cavern was developed.