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Eglinton Crosstown LRT – Site Supervision

Service Performed
Detailed 24/7 supervision and engineering support for three SEM stations in soft ground; namely Laird, Avenue and Oakwood.
Commencement - Services
November 01, 2015
Completion - Services
December 01, 2021
Location
97 Front Street West
Toronto, ON M5J1E6
Canada
Geology description

Glacial depositional systems created a complex distribution of heavily overconsolidated till layers, separated by interstadial stratified deposits of glaciolacustrine clay, silt, and sand.

Geology types
Description

The Crosstown is a light rail transit line, which is part of the regional transportation plan for the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area. The project will provide a 19km corridor across Eglinton Avenue, connecting ten stops and 15 underground stations with a 10km twin-bored tunnel. Dr. G. Sauer & Partners provided detailed design for Laird, Avenue and Oakwood stations. A combination of Cut-and-Cover construction for the shafts and mined technique (SEM) for the tunnels has been utilised. The 24/7 supersvision services provided engineering support, detailed inspection and documentation by a team of eperts for each of the three stations.

Activity
Construction methods
Tunneling under
Route map (www.thecrosstown.ca)
Laird Station Excavation
Project number
467E
Project Type
Final cost
$8.25 billion CAD

Puerto Suello Hill Tunnel

Service Performed
Tunnel inspection, structural analysis and assessment, recommendations and concepts for tunnel repair and retrofit.
Commencement - Services
April 01, 2010
Completion - Services
July 01, 2015
Location
San Rafael
San Rafael, CA 94901
United States
Geology description

The bedrock in the project area primarily comprises intact metamorphosed sandstone (i.e. graywacke) of the Franciscan Melange and contains few discontinuities. The bedrock is typically overlain by stiff to hard lean clay.

Geology types
Description

The Puerto Suello Tunnel is a 400 m long single-track rail tunnel in San Rafael, California and was constructed in 1879. The 4.9 m wide and 6.8 m high tunnel was partially destroyed by a fire in 1961, was rebuilt for freight service in 1967 and closed in the mid-1980s. The tunnel was acquired by SMART in 2003, who retrofitted and then reopened it for commuter rail service in 2017.

The ground overburden above the tunnel reaches a maximum of 45 m and the tunnel was constructed using cut-and-cover and mined construction methodologies.

Activity
Construction methods
Puerto Suello Hill Tunnel reopened in 2017 (www.wikipedia.org)
One of the developed repair options
Project number
429C
Project Type
Final cost
$3 million USD

East Side Access - Northern Bouelvard Crossing

Service Performed
Design of the tunnel crossing the Northern Boulevard and of the elements supporting the Sunnyside Yard cut and cover walls (i.e. internal steel bracing and tiebacks).
Commencement - Services
April 01, 2007
Completion - Services
January 01, 2012
Location
Northern Bouelvard Crossing
New York City, NY 11354
United States
Geology description

Soft ground with cobbles and boulders overlying Manhattan schist. Groundwater table at the surface at Sunnyside Yard.

Geology types
Description

The East Side Access (ESA) project provides new Long Island Rail Road service to the east side of Manhattan, supplementing existing service to Penn Station on Manhattan's west side and Atlantic Terminal in Brooklyn. ESA will serve approximately 162,000 customers a day, providing a faster and easier commute to the east side of Manhattan in a new 8-track terminal and concourse below Grand Central Terminal. The project encompasses more than 13 km of tunnelling.

Activity
Construction methods
NATM, SCL
Tunneling under
East Side Access project overview (web.mta.info)
3D Visualisation of the Northern Boulevard crossing tunnel design
Project number
400D
Project Type
Final cost
$168 million USD

Highway 401 Crossing - Design Representation on Site

Service Performed
Design Representation on Site; ensuring design compliance and documentation. Signatory on Required Excavation & Support (RES) Sheet.
Commencement - Services
September 01, 2019
Completion - Services
January 01, 2020
Location
97 Front Street West,
Toronto, ON ON MJ5
Canada
Geology description

Granular and cohesive embankment fill underlain by glacial till underlain by glacial till. Subsurface obstructions such as piles and boulders.

Geology types
Description

The TTP are delivering a new two track rail tunnel of approximately 176m length crossing the Highway 401. The purpose of the tracks is to increase capacity along the Kitchener GO commuter rail corridor as well as to accommodate the new Union-Pearson (UO) Express service. The new rail tunnels are mined under the 401/409 Highway using the Sequential Excavation Method (SEM). Our role on this assignment was to provide tunnel design services addressing the challenging conditions (e.g., very low overburden, intercepting piles and maximum settlement allowance) as well as providing on site design representation.

Activity
Construction methods
NATM, SCL
Tunneling under
East Portal Entrance
Top Heading Excavation Face
Project number
487E
Project Type
Final cost
$117 million CAD
Completion date
Ongoing

Highway 401 Crossing - Design

Service Performed
SEM tunnel design consisting of IFC drawings, specifications, 3D FE analysis and detailed design reports.
Commencement - Services
November 01, 2017
Completion - Services
January 01, 2019
Location
97 Front Street West
Toronto, ON ON MJ5 1E6
Canada
Geology description

Granular and cohesive embankment fill underlain by glacial till. Subsurface obstructions such as piles and boulders.

Geology types
Description

The TTP are delivering a new two track rail tunnel of approximately 176m length crossing the Highway 401. The purpose of the tracks is to increase capacity along the Kitchener GO commuter rail corridor as well as to accommodate the new Union-Pearson (UO) Express service. The new rail tunnels are mined under the 401/409 Highway using the Sequential Excavation Method (SEM). Our role on this assignment was to provide tunnel design services addressing the challenging conditions (e.g., very low overburden, intercepting piles and maximum settlement allowance) as well as providing on site design representation.

Activity
Construction methods
NATM, SCL
Tunneling under
3D Finite Element Model
Plan View
Project number
487D
Project Type
Final cost
$117 million CAD

Lima Metro Line 2

Service Performed
Investigation of unexpected progressing settlement of ground surface and constructed Metro Line 2 tunnel, shaft and station structures in Lima’s Santa Anita district.
Commencement - Services
March 01, 2014
Location
Av. Aviación 2494 – San Borja
Lima
Peru
Geology description

All Metro Line 2 structures in the Santa Anita district were constructed in dense gravels which is underlain by a sequence of clay, sand and gravel layers. The bedrock lies an assumed 30m to 150m below ground surface.

Geology types
Description

Lima's Metro Line 2 project comprises 27 km of all-underground Line 2, plus an 8 km underground spur to the airport which will make up the first section of Line 4. Thirty-five new stations are being constructed, seven of them mined and the rest constructed by cut and cover. The MDL2 consortium is to design, finance and build the new line and to operate and maintain it for the following 30 years.

Activity
Construction methods
Overview of Lima's Metro Line 2 project (www.thinglink.com)
Results plot of the 2D finite element consolidation analysis
Project number
473C
Project Type
Final cost
$5.7 billion USD
Completion date
Ongoing

Leesburg Inter-Quarry Tunnel - Design

Service Performed
Conceptual design with various tunnel options. Final tunnel design consisting of drawings, specifications, and calculations. Client support during bid phase.
Commencement - Services
January 01, 2017
Completion - Services
April 01, 2018
Location
Leesburg Plant
20210 Luck Lane
Ashburn, Virginia, VA 20147
United States
Geology description

Located within the Culpeper Basin, a sedimentary rock formation characterized to be of Lower Mesozoic Age. The existing Luck Stone quarry is situated in a Diabase intrusion (dyke) of this sedimentary rock.

Geology types
Description

Luck Stone Corporation (LSC) planned to open a new quarry on the Western side of Goose Creek river, a component of the Virginia Scenic Rivers System. A tunnel was envisioned to connect the new Western quarry with the existing South-Eastern one below the river. The rock cover between the tunnel and the river was approximately 50 feet. The tunnel is 1275 feet long with a diameter of 45 feet. It is designed to accommodate large scale mining trucks as well as a conveyor belt for material transport which is scheduled to be installed in the future.

Activity
Construction methods
NATM, SCL
Special Construction techniques
Tunneling under
South-East portal excavation sequence
South-East portal excavation
Vertical bench drilling
Project number
242D
Final cost
$13 million USD

Bank Station Capacity Upgrade - Impact Assessment

Service Performed
Assessment of the impact on existing cast-iron and precast concrete tunnel linings (in total approximately 300 assets.) including empirical and finite element calculations.
Commencement - Services
January 01, 2013
Completion - Services
May 01, 2022
Location
London
London
EC3V 3LA
United Kingdom
Geology description

The geology comprises London Clay formation overlain by Quaternary superficial deposits comprising river terrace deposits and alluvium which are generally overlain by made ground.

Geology types
Description

Bank Station is a London Underground station located in the City of London financial district. It is a key interchange served by five existing lines. The Bank Station Capacity Upgrade (BSCU) comprises the construction of new tunnels adjacent to and connecting with the existing tunnels. A staged, risk-based approach was used to efficiently assess the affected existing assets and determine an appropriate mitigation and monitoring scheme. Empirical methods and complex numerical models were used at the different stages of the assessment, to understand the risk to the existing railway and how they could best be managed while minimizing disruption to the station and its users.

Activity
Service areas
Construction methods
NATM, SCL, TBM
Tunneling under
Existing escalator at Bank Station
FE model of existing (green) and new (red and pink) structures
Project number
451D_1
Final cost
£563.8 million GBP
Completion date
Ongoing

Luck Stone Fairfax Plant – Inspection Works

Service Performed
In-depth inspection of a connector tunnel in accordance with TOMIE manual and the SNTI manual of the U.S. Department of Transportation - FHWA.
Commencement - Services
July 01, 2016
Completion - Services
July 31, 2016
Location
15717 Lee Hwy
Centreville, VA, VA 20121
United States
Geology description

The prevalent rock type of the tunnel is diabase. The rock mass is moderately jointed, with closely to very closely spaced joints. The rock is slightly weathered.

Geology types
Description

Inspected tunnel connects two quarries at the Luck Stone Corporation Fairfax plant. The tunnel crosses beneath the Lee Highway (US Route 29), in a North-South direction. Built ca. 1975, the tunnel is partially unlined and in rock; approx. 190 feet long and approx. 22 feet wide and 22 feet high. As the Northern quarry side is already exhausted, the tunnel is rarely used with just one or two transits per day.
Dr. Sauer & Partners performed an in-depth inspection of a connector tunnel; assessed the tunnel condition and provided remedial measures.

Activity
Service areas
Construction methods
NATM, SCL
Tunneling under
Connector Tunnel - North Portal / Highwall
Connector Tunnel - South Portal / Highwall
Project number
242E1
Final cost
n/a

Eglinton Crosstown LRT – Inspection Works

Service Performed
Initial and detailed inspection of underground structures. Condition assessed and rated according to the 'Highway and Rail Transit Tunnel Inspection Manual (2005)' of the U.S. Department of Transportation - FHWA.
Commencement - Services
January 01, 2016
Completion - Services
December 01, 2019
Location
Yonge Street
Toronto, ON M4S2C6
Canada
Geology description

The geology comprises heavily over-consolidated hard plastic glacial till layers, stratified deposits of stiff to hard clays and dense, non‐plastic, silt and sand.

Geology types
Description

The Crosstown LRT Project is a Light Rail Transit Line that will run along Eglinton Avenue between Mount Dennis and Kennedy Station. This 19km corridor will include a 10km underground section between Keel Street and Laird Drive. This section comprises 2 bored running tunnels; 12 stations of which 3 (Laird, Avenue and Oakwood) will be built underground using the SEM method; 12 cross passages connecting the bored running tunnels and 3 emergency exit buildings. Dr. G. Sauer & Partners performed an initial, detailed inspection of the bored running tunnels, every cross passage and every emergency exit building to establish the condition of these structures prior to takeover by CTS.

Activity
Service areas
Construction methods
NATM, SCL, TBM
Inspection of the Segmental Tunnel Lining
Inspection of the Cross Passage Entrance
Project number
467E1
Final cost
$8.25 billion CAD
Completion date
Ongoing

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