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Mixed face

Eglinton Crosstown LRT – Site Supervision

Service Performed
Detailed 24/7 supervision and engineering support for three SEM stations in soft ground; namely Laird, Avenue and Oakwood.
Commencement - Services
November 01, 2015
Completion - Services
December 01, 2021
Location
97 Front Street West
Toronto, ON M5J1E6
Canada
Geology description

Glacial depositional systems created a complex distribution of heavily overconsolidated till layers, separated by interstadial stratified deposits of glaciolacustrine clay, silt, and sand.

Geology types
Mixed face
Description

The Crosstown is a light rail transit line, which is part of the regional transportation plan for the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area. The project will provide a 19km corridor across Eglinton Avenue, connecting ten stops and 15 underground stations with a 10km twin-bored tunnel. Dr. G. Sauer & Partners provided detailed design for Laird, Avenue and Oakwood stations. A combination of Cut-and-Cover construction for the shafts and mined technique (SEM) for the tunnels has been utilised. The 24/7 supersvision services provided engineering support, detailed inspection and documentation by a team of eperts for each of the three stations.

Activity
Construction methods
Tunneling under
Route map (www.thecrosstown.ca)
Laird Station Excavation
Project number
467E
Project Type
Final cost
$8.25 billion CAD

Puerto Suello Hill Tunnel

Service Performed
Tunnel inspection, structural analysis and assessment, recommendations and concepts for tunnel repair and retrofit.
Commencement - Services
April 01, 2010
Completion - Services
July 01, 2015
Location
San Rafael
San Rafael, CA 94901
United States
Geology description

The bedrock in the project area primarily comprises intact metamorphosed sandstone (i.e. graywacke) of the Franciscan Melange and contains few discontinuities. The bedrock is typically overlain by stiff to hard lean clay.

Geology types
Mixed face
Description

The Puerto Suello Tunnel is a 400 m long single-track rail tunnel in San Rafael, California and was constructed in 1879. The 4.9 m wide and 6.8 m high tunnel was partially destroyed by a fire in 1961, was rebuilt for freight service in 1967 and closed in the mid-1980s. The tunnel was acquired by SMART in 2003, who retrofitted and then reopened it for commuter rail service in 2017.

The ground overburden above the tunnel reaches a maximum of 45 m and the tunnel was constructed using cut-and-cover and mined construction methodologies.

Activity
Construction methods
Puerto Suello Hill Tunnel reopened in 2017 (www.wikipedia.org)
One of the developed repair options
Project number
429C
Project Type
Final cost
$3 million USD

Ottawa Light Rail Transit - Execution

Service Performed
Site supervision services, engineering support and monitoring assessment. 24/7 presences on site to facilitate RES process and implement design requirements on site.
Commencement - Services
February 01, 2012
Completion - Services
January 01, 2019
Location
259 Albert Street
Ottwa, ON K1R 7Z0
Canada
Geology description

The geology varied between competent limestone and fractured shale. A soft ground section included variable glacial till deposits of sand, silt and clay layers and a groundwater table close to ground surface.

Geology types
Mixed face
Description

Ottawa's Confederation Line runs from Tunney's Pasture station in the west to Blair station in the east, is 12.5 km long and includes 15 stations. The central piece is a 2.5 km long tunnel, running under the central business district of the city and including three underground stations. The twin track running tunnel and the three underground stations were constructed using the mined construction method in order to minimise surface disruption. The underground stations are located directly adjacent to existing, sensitive and historic buildings and required strict adherence to design and risk mitigation processing during construction. The Dr. G. Sauer & Partners on site team supported the contractor to meet these requirements.

Activity
Construction methods
Tunneling under
Station cavern and running tunnel construction underway
Excavation of station cavern complete with tension ties visible
Project number
123E
Project Type
Final cost
$2.1 billion CAD

Toronto Relief Line South - Design

Service Performed
15% and 30% design of two mined stations
Commencement - Services
February 01, 2018
Completion - Services
July 01, 2019
Location
1900 Yonge Street
Toronto, ON ON M4S
Canada
Geology description

The tunnel face is predominantly shale, with a thin competent layer above the tunnel crown, overlain by clayey glacial deposits, silty sands and fill.

Geology types
Mixed face
Description

The Relief Line South was a proposed expansion to the TTC Line 1 subway with five new stations planned from Osgoode to Pape Station undertaken by the TTC. The project has since been passed on to a new owner (Metrolinx) and further developed as the Ontario Line. Our role on the assignment included the 15% and 30% design for tunnel geometries, excavation and temporary support of two stations and one crossover. Tasks included production of 3D models, drawings, design reports and finite element analysis based on the SEM approach to tunnelling large caverns keeping surface disruption in urban areas to a minimum.

Activity
Construction methods
Carlaw Station 3D Model
Broadview Station 3D Model
Project number
498D
Project Type
Final cost
$5 million CAD

Highway 401 Crossing - Design Representation on Site

Service Performed
Design Representation on Site; ensuring design compliance and documentation. Signatory on Required Excavation & Support (RES) Sheet.
Commencement - Services
September 01, 2019
Completion - Services
January 01, 2020
Location
97 Front Street West,
Toronto, ON ON MJ5
Canada
Geology description

Granular and cohesive embankment fill underlain by glacial till underlain by glacial till. Subsurface obstructions such as piles and boulders.

Geology types
Mixed face
Description

The TTP are delivering a new two track rail tunnel of approximately 176m length crossing the Highway 401. The purpose of the tracks is to increase capacity along the Kitchener GO commuter rail corridor as well as to accommodate the new Union-Pearson (UO) Express service. The new rail tunnels are mined under the 401/409 Highway using the Sequential Excavation Method (SEM). Our role on this assignment was to provide tunnel design services addressing the challenging conditions (e.g., very low overburden, intercepting piles and maximum settlement allowance) as well as providing on site design representation.

Activity
Construction methods
Tunneling under
East Portal Entrance
Top Heading Excavation Face
Project number
487E
Project Type
Final cost
$117 million CAD
Completion date
Ongoing

Lima Metro Line 2

Service Performed
Investigation of unexpected progressing settlement of ground surface and constructed Metro Line 2 tunnel, shaft and station structures in Lima’s Santa Anita district.
Commencement - Services
March 01, 2014
Location
Av. Aviación 2494 – San Borja
Lima
Peru
Geology description

All Metro Line 2 structures in the Santa Anita district were constructed in dense gravels which is underlain by a sequence of clay, sand and gravel layers. The bedrock lies an assumed 30m to 150m below ground surface.

Geology types
Mixed face
Description

Lima's Metro Line 2 project comprises 27 km of all-underground Line 2, plus an 8 km underground spur to the airport which will make up the first section of Line 4. Thirty-five new stations are being constructed, seven of them mined and the rest constructed by cut and cover. The MDL2 consortium is to design, finance and build the new line and to operate and maintain it for the following 30 years.

Activity
Construction methods
Overview of Lima's Metro Line 2 project (www.thinglink.com)
Results plot of the 2D finite element consolidation analysis
Project number
473C
Project Type
Final cost
$5.7 billion USD
Completion date
Ongoing

North Yorkshire Polyhalite Project

Client
Service Performed
Dr. Sauer & Partners provided commercial support, SCL design verification and functioned as a mediator between Sirius Minerals’ mining and construction team.
Commencement - Services
April 01, 2019
Completion - Services
October 31, 2019
Location
Whitby
Yorkshire
YO11 3ZB
United Kingdom
Geology description

Most of the MTS is developed within the Redcar Mudstone Formation. It comprises alternating layers of silty mudstone and clayey siltstones with subordinated thin beds of limestone and sandstone.

Bands of ironstone nodules and fossil shells as well as pyrite are present in places. Multiple major fault systems were identified that cut the MTS alignment. 

Geology types
Mixed face
Description

North Yorkshire holds one of the largest, high grade polyhalite reserves worldwide. It is located within the North York Moors National Park, ca. 1800m below surface. Once processed, this mineral functions as an organic fertilizer to boost harvest. Sirius Minerals plc are currently developing the infrastructure to mine the polyhalite. This operation requires deep shafts to access the mineral body but also demands an extensive mass transport system (MTS) to keep the impact on the National Park to a minimum. Therefore, at ca. 350m below surface, a series of SCL tunnels link the deep shafts to a conveyor belt system, which again connects the mining operation via a 37km TBM tunnel to its material handling facility.

Activity
Construction methods
Tunnel length
37km
Project overview
Woodsmith mine site close to Whitby
Project number
515C
Final cost
£4.2 billion GBP

Thames Tideway

Owner
Service Performed
Review of the current design of the connection between sprayed concrete lined connection tunnels and the main (TBM) tunnel with the aim to propose efficient alternatives.
Commencement - Services
March 01, 2016
Location
80 Kirtling Street
London
SW8 5BP
United Kingdom
Geology description

The geology transitions from West to East through London Clay, into the complex Lambeth Group (clay, sand and gravel strata) into Thanet Sands, before giving way to the Chalk including flints.

Geology types
Mixed face
Description

The Thames Tideway Tunnel is an under-construction 25km tunnel running mostly under the tidal section of the River Thames through central London. It will provide capture, storage and conveyance of almost all combined raw sewage and rainwater that currently overflow into the river. Once constructed, the main tunnel will have an internal diameter of 7.2m and will run from -30m at Acton, West London for over 25km under central London down to -70m at Abbey Mills in the East. It will connect 34 of the most polluting combined sewer overflows (CSOs), via transfer tunnels. The tunnel will transfer the captured sewage to the Stratford to East Ham part for onward delivery to Beckton Sewage Treatment Works.

Activity
Categories
Construction methods
Tunneling under
New shaft, connection and main tunnel structures (Courtesy Tideway)
Isometric of connection between SCL and TBM tunnels
Project number
502C
Project Type
Final cost
£4.2 billion GBP
Completion date
Ongoing

Eglinton Crosstown LRT – Inspection Works

Service Performed
Initial and detailed inspection of underground structures. Condition assessed and rated according to the 'Highway and Rail Transit Tunnel Inspection Manual (2005)' of the U.S. Department of Transportation - FHWA.
Commencement - Services
January 01, 2016
Completion - Services
December 01, 2019
Location
Yonge Street
Toronto, ON M4S2C6
Canada
Geology description

The geology comprises heavily over-consolidated hard plastic glacial till layers, stratified deposits of stiff to hard clays and dense, non‐plastic, silt and sand.

Geology types
Mixed face, Soft ground
Description

The Crosstown LRT Project is a Light Rail Transit Line that will run along Eglinton Avenue between Mount Dennis and Kennedy Station. This 19km corridor will include a 10km underground section between Keel Street and Laird Drive. This section comprises 2 bored running tunnels; 12 stations of which 3 (Laird, Avenue and Oakwood) will be built underground using the SEM method; 12 cross passages connecting the bored running tunnels and 3 emergency exit buildings. Dr. G. Sauer & Partners performed an initial, detailed inspection of the bored running tunnels, every cross passage and every emergency exit building to establish the condition of these structures prior to takeover by CTS.

Activity
Service areas
Construction methods
Inspection of the Segmental Tunnel Lining
Inspection of the Cross Passage Entrance
Project number
467E1
Final cost
$8.25 billion CAD
Completion date
Ongoing

Ottawa Combined Sewage Storage Tunnel (CSST)

Service Performed
TBM segmental lining design, rock mass grouting design and engineering support services during construction. Value engineering efforts helped increase TBM tunnelling performance by reducing probing ahead.
Commencement - Services
February 01, 2016
Completion - Services
February 01, 2020
Location
110 Laurier Avenue West
Ottawa, ON K1P 1J1
Canada
Geology description

The alignment of the tunnels mainly crosses limestone formations with laminated black shales of varying thickness. The rock is overlain by glacial till, glaciofluvial deposits and fill.

Geology types
Mixed face
Description

The CSST project is part of the Ottawa River Action Plan to greatly reduce the frequency of sewage overflows during storms entering the Ottawa River. The tunnels will hold up to 43,000 m3 of sewage overflow which will be treated and returned to the river gradually. The project comprises design and construction of two TBM tunnels running east-west and north-south along 6.2 km in total, and multiple shafts and support buildings such as odour control facilities. Dr. G. Sauer & Partners supported the contractor with the feasibility study on TBM utilisation. Reduction of probe drilling requirements increased TBM excavation rates, by developing criteria for pre-excavation grouting.

Activity
Categories
Final cost
$232,000,000
Construction methods
Special Construction techniques
Tunneling under
Overview plan of the CSST   (http://ottawa.ca)
East West Tunnel under construction (3m tunnel ID)
Excess wet weather flow is sent to the CSST (http://ottawa.ca)
Project number
481C
Final cost
$232 million CAD
Completion date
Ongoing

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