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Mixed face

Devil's Slide Tunnels

Service Performed
Construction inspection and scheduling for initial and final liner and waterproofing; analysing monitoring data and project's progress; daily site inspection and ground conditions reports.
Commencement - Services
November 01, 2007
Completion - Services
March 01, 2011
Location
585 Linda Mar Boulevard
Pacifica, CA 94044
United States
Geology description

The geological setting comprised quartz diorite, marine sandstone, conglomerate and clay-siltstone. Four main fault zones were encountered.

Geology types
Mixed face
Description

Devil's Slide is located south of the City of Pacifica in California along the coastal road of Highway 1. Landslides and grade subsidence in the Devil's Slide area along Route 1 have led to the road being closed for extended periods causing significant economic loss to the surrounding communities. The solution: Construct a tunnel through the mountain to bypass the dangers and reoccurring problems. Construction of 1250m twin tunnels, 9m wide, 6.8m high using Sequential Excavation Method (SEM). Additionally, drill and blast and roadheader excavation through weathered rock utilised.

Activity
Final cost
$273,000,000
Construction methods
Special Construction techniques
Groundwater control
Max Overburden
~250m
Tunnel length
1250m
Drill jumbo drilling blast holes in top heading advance face
Finished southbound tunnel with textured cast-in-situ concrete
Tunnel Portals
Aerial view of completed portals
Project number
272E
Min Overburden
<5m at portals
Final cost
$273 million USD

Chinatown Station

Service Performed
Conceptual, preliminary, detailed design of underground caverns, egress tunnels and mined shafts; scheduling and cost estimating; risk management; specifications and tender. Onsite support during construction.
Estimated cost
$1,600,000,000
Commencement - Services
March 01, 2016
Completion - Services
March 31, 2018
Location
425 Market Street Suite 1700
San Francisco, CA 94105
United States
Geology description

The geology ranges from soft clay (Bay Clay) to stiff sands (Colma Sands) and competent to highly fractured rock (Franciscan Formation). The groundwater table is generally above the cavern springline.

Geology types
Mixed face, Soft ground
Description

Chinatown Station is the Northern Terminus of the Third Street Light Rail Project, which is located in a dense urban neighbourhood, underneath a busy street and directly adjacent to numerous old buildings, as well as one high-rise building. The station encompasses a Cut-and-Cover headhouse for passenger entry, three large station caverns and an emergency egress shaft. In order to minimise excavation volume and optimise cost and schedule, the ventilation ducts are located below the platform level, and routed into the headhouse.

Activity
Construction methods
Special Construction techniques
Tunneling under
Groundwater control
Tunnel length
2.7km
Excavation and support sequence of large urban cavern
Large urban cavern under construction
Excavation and support sequence - longitudinal section
Chinatown, San Francisco Dense Urban Neighborhood
Overall Station Layout, Headhouse and Caverns (Rendering by JV)
Station Cavern with Center Platform, Mezzanine and Ventilation Ducts
Proposed Mitigation Measures for adjacent Buildings
Complex 3D Finite Element Analyses
Project number
358E
Final cost
$1.6 billion USD
Completion date
Ongoing

Section E4a, Greenbelt Route, Georgia Avenue - Petworth Station

Service Performed
Waterproofing design and construction support services
Commencement - Services
December 28, 1994
Completion - Services
December 28, 1997
Location
Washington, DC
United States
Technical data

PVC membrane waterproofing Cut & Cover Station, including crossover, service rooms, ventilation structures, station entrances. Overall length: 1,090 ft (332 m); average depth: 75 ft (23 m); waterproofed area: 275,000 sqft (25550 m²).

Geology description

Very compact light gray clayey or silty medium fine sand. Dark gray plastic clay. Light gray/green fine grained hornblende quartz diorite, highly weathered to slighty weathered.

Geology types
Mixed face
Categories
Final cost
$1,200,000
Installation at the wall
Waterproofing at TBM portal
Airial photo
Running Tunnels entering the Station Shaft
Installation of Running Tunnel Waterproofing System
Waterproofing System at Junction Running Tunnel and Station Shaft
Construction of Cut & Cover Section
Doorframe Slab Cross Section and Plan

DART Segment NC1 - A1/A2

Service Performed
NATM alternative design, FEM design computations for NATM and TBM driven tunnels, ground classification and ground stabilization measures
Commencement - Services
December 28, 1989
Completion - Services
December 28, 1994
Location
Dallas, TX
United States
Technical data

4 single-track light rail tunnels, total length 11,500 ft (3505 m).

Geology description

Shale, clay, terrace sands and gravels (below groundwater level). Weathered and unweathered Limestone (Austin Chalk).

Geology types
Mixed face
Final cost
$50,000,000
Escalator Shaft
Twin Portal
Assembly of Robbins TBM
TBM before Start of Excavation
TBM Breakthrough
Shotcrete Application
Finished Tunnel
Shotcreting robot
TBM assembled
Road Header

Dublin Port Tunnel

Service Performed
NATM support works
Commencement - Services
December 30, 2001
Completion - Services
December 29, 2005
Location
Dublin
Dublin
Ireland
Technical data

Bi-directional two lane road tunnels encompassing 5.6 km area. Total tunnel lenght: 4.5 km, TBM bored lenght: 2.4 km, each tube at 11.7 m diameter, Cut & Cover: 1.5 + 0.6 km.

Geology description

Dublin Boulder Clay (lodgement till), carboniferous argillaceous, limestone bedrock.

Geology types
Mixed face
Description

The Dublin Port Tunnel is an approximately 3.5 mile long twin, two-lane tunnel which connects the M50 motorway and Dublin Airport with Dublin Harbour. The underground connection will help to manage the rising traffic demands and will carry up to 20,000 vehicles per day upon opening. The overall scheme consists of 2.8 miles of tunnels, where 1.3 miles are Cut-and-Cover and the remaining 1.5 miles are TBM bored 35ft.

Final cost
$5,000,000
Construction methods
Tunneling under
Cut & Cover at Alfie Byrne Road
TBM Launch Pit
Formworks for Cut & Cover Section
Construction of Reception Shaft
Open Face TBM
Single Pass Lining Installation
Project number
214E
Final cost
£385 million GBP

Southport Deep Shaft

Service Performed
NATM design and construction supervision
Location
Southport
United Kingdom
Technical data

9 m (29.5 ft) excavated dia. 80 m (262 ft) deep vertical shaft for sewage treatment. Upper 28 m (92 ft) of shaft excavation supported using diaphragm walls with the remaining 52 m (170 ft) excavated using NATM with a reinforced shotcrete primary lining. Permanent lining comprises slipformed reinforced concrete.

Geology description

Beach Sand overlying Mercia Mudstone overlying Halite (rock salt).

Geology types
Mixed face
Categories
Sahft wall, support elements
Plan View
Cross Section
Overhead View showing Shaft
View from the Shaft Base
Work at Shaft Base
Reinforcement before Shotcrete Lining Installation
Shaft at the Surface
One Round of Shaft Excavation Completed
Crane at Shaft Surface

Seven Star- Herzeliya Tunnel

Service Performed
Tunnel Feasibility and Constructability Study
Commencement - Services
August 30, 2002
Completion - Services
October 21, 2003
Location
Tel Aviv
Israel
Technical data

Feasibility study for joint Light Rail / Motorway tunnel.

Geology description

Medium to stiff and silty clay, soft calcareous sandstone with seams of coral chalk and sand lenses.

Geology types
Mixed face
Final cost
$58,000
Plan and Profile
3D Model
Geology
Original Design: Cut & Cover Box
NATM Option:Twin Tunnel Section
NATM Option: Single Tunnel Section

Washington Dulles Airport Pedestrian Walkback Tunnel

Service Performed
Final design including FEM structural calculations.
Commencement - Services
February 01, 1998
Completion - Services
December 01, 2001
Location
45045 Aviation Drive
Dulles, VA 20166-7528
United States
Technical data

Pedestrian Walkback tunnel, accommodating two moving and one central fixed walkways, 770 ft long, Section of 41 ft x 27 ft. A Mechanical Room with a 37 ft long x 32 ft. span . Tunnel passing 15 ft beneath the main airport taxiways.

Geology description

Residual soils, decomposed rock and siltstone bedrock.

Geology types
Mixed face
Description

An extensive underground people-mover train system and a fixed walkway tunnel between terminals are central to a multi-phased mega program of modernization and expansion for the Washington Dulles International Airport. The pedestrian walkback tunnel, a part of the expansion plan, crosses below two airport taxilanes and will connect the Main Terminal with Mid-Field Concourse B. The tunnel was designed as a multiple-drift NATM excavation, whereby cover beneath the taxilanes was less than a tunnel diameter at only 4.5 m. Excavation was therefore designed as a very controlled sequence with top heading excavation further divided into two side drifts.

Activity
Categories
Final cost
$13,000,000
Construction methods
Max Overburden
Min:10 Max:20
Max Excavation Area (m2)
Min:1200 Max:1200
Tunnel length
Min:770 Max:770
Walkback tunnel cross section
Access shaft and portal under taxilane
The new tunnel in relation to the airport taxiways
Excavation of Access Shaft
View from Portal to Main Terminal Building
Excavation of Connector Shaft at Junction to Walkback Tunnel
Roadheader entering the Tunnel
Access Tunnel Walkback Tunnel Junction
Access Tunnel Walkback Tunnel Junction
Walkback Tunnel Shotcrete Canopy
Flexible Membrane Waterproofing System applied to Tunnel Invert
Installation of Waterproofing System in Connector Shaft
Fixing of Waterproofing Membrane
Completed Shotcrete Final Lining
Shotcrete canopy, girder erection
Shotcrete Arch - South
Shotcrete Arch - South
Hanging Steel Mesh
Hanging Steel Mesh
Hanging Steel Mesh
Girder completly installed
Shotcrete canopy completed
Project number
207D
Final cost
$13 million USD

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