TBM

The Thames Tideway Tunnel is an under-construction 25km tunnel running mostly under the tidal section of the River Thames through central London. It will provide capture, storage and conveyance of almost all combined raw sewage and rainwater that currently overflow into the river. Once constructed, the main tunnel will have an internal diameter of 7.2m and will run from -30m at Acton, West London for over 25km under central London down to -70m at Abbey Mills in the East. It will connect 34 of the most polluting combined sewer overflows (CSOs), via transfer tunnels. The tunnel will transfer the captured sewage to the Stratford to East Ham part for onward delivery to Beckton Sewage Treatment Works.

Bank Station is a London Underground station located in the City of London financial district. It is a key interchange served by five existing lines. The Bank Station Capacity Upgrade (BSCU) comprises the construction of new tunnels adjacent to and connecting with the existing tunnels. A staged, risk-based approach was used to efficiently assess the affected existing assets and determine an appropriate mitigation and monitoring scheme. Empirical methods and complex numerical models were used at the different stages of the assessment, to understand the risk to the existing railway and how they could best be managed while minimizing disruption to the station and its users.

The Crosstown LRT Project is a Light Rail Transit Line that will run along Eglinton Avenue between Mount Dennis and Kennedy Station. This 19km corridor will include a 10km underground section between Keel Street and Laird Drive. This section comprises 2 bored running tunnels; 12 stations of which 3 (Laird, Avenue and Oakwood) will be built underground using the SEM method; 12 cross passages connecting the bored running tunnels and 3 emergency exit buildings. Dr. G. Sauer & Partners performed an initial, detailed inspection of the bored running tunnels, every cross passage and every emergency exit building to establish the condition of these structures prior to takeover by CTS.

The CSST project is part of the Ottawa River Action Plan to greatly reduce the frequency of sewage overflows during storms entering the Ottawa River. The tunnels will hold up to 43,000 m3 of sewage overflow which will be treated and returned to the river gradually. The project comprises design and construction of two TBM tunnels running east-west and north-south along 6.2 km in total, and multiple shafts and support buildings such as odour control facilities. Dr. G. Sauer & Partners supported the contractor with the feasibility study on TBM utilisation. Reduction of probe drilling requirements increased TBM excavation rates, by developing criteria for pre-excavation grouting.

The Red Line will link the most congested areas of the city of Tel Aviv, operating along 24km and serving 34 stations. The light rail trains will run above ground as well as through a tunnel section of 11km length, connecting ten underground stations. Excavation of the twin tube tunnels will be undertaken by TBMs. The tunnels will be connected by cross passages spaced at a maximum distance of 250m. Station boxes will be constructed using diaphragm walls and piles. The Red Line should start its operation by 2021 and transport 70 million passengers per year.