Soft ground

The Crosstown LRT Project is a Light Rail Transit Line that will run along Eglinton Avenue between Mount Dennis and Kennedy Station. This 19km corridor will include a 10km underground section between Keel Street and Laird Drive. This section comprises 2 bored running tunnels; 12 stations of which 3 (Laird, Avenue and Oakwood) will be built underground using the SEM method; 12 cross passages connecting the bored running tunnels and 3 emergency exit buildings. Dr. G. Sauer & Partners performed an initial, detailed inspection of the bored running tunnels, every cross passage and every emergency exit building to establish the condition of these structures prior to takeover by CTS.

The Red Line will link the most congested areas of the city of Tel Aviv, operating along 24km and serving 34 stations. The light rail trains will run above ground as well as through a tunnel section of 11km length, connecting ten underground stations. Excavation of the twin tube tunnels will be undertaken by TBMs. The tunnels will be connected by cross passages spaced at a maximum distance of 250m. Station boxes will be constructed using diaphragm walls and piles. The Red Line should start its operation by 2021 and transport 70 million passengers per year.

The Crosstown is a light rail transit line, which is part of the regional transportation plan for the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area. The project will provide a 19km corridor across Eglinton Avenue, connecting ten stops at grade and 15 underground stations with a 10km twin-bored tunnel. Dr G. Sauer & Partners provided detailed design for Oakwood, Avenue, and Laird stations. A combination of Cut-and-Cover construction for the shafts and mined techniques (SEM) for the tunnels was utilised. Excavation and support measures were tailored to the ground conditions. Finite element analyses were carried out to determine structural capacity of linings and trigger values to meet stingent settlement criteria at the surface.

Holborn is a London Underground station in central London. It is served by the Central and Piccadilly lines. Demand for both lines at Holborn is high. The principal design challenges are the close proximity of the proposed tunnels to existing operational tunnels, complex tunnel geometry and alignments, limited clearance to existing buildings, restricted work sites and strict settlement criteria. The lining system is a double shell lining with both linings considered part of the permanent load bearing structure.

Crossrail 2 is a proposed new rail infrastructure project, aiming to alleviate further crowding and congestion across London. The proposed central route will provide a link between Wimbledon in the South and New Southgate and Tottenham Hale in the North with a provision for an Eastern branch towards Hackney Central. It will provide interchange with multiple London underground, London Overground, Crossrail 1, national and international rail services. It is expected to increase significantly the capacity of the regional rail network and reduce the journey times supporting the population growth of the City of London.