Soft ground

Farringdon station is situated at the heart of London's rail network and will be one of its major rail interchange stations, which will link Crossrail, Thameslink services and London Underground trains. The station layout includes two ticket halls, two escalator inclines, two platform tunnels, connecting cross passages, concourse tunnels and ventilation adits. The chosen tunnelling system for Farringdon Station was sprayed concrete lining (SCL). The station comprised a total of 1km of SCL tunnels at depths of up to 35m below ground level and excavation cross-sections varying from 25m² to 110m².

NATM test tunnel, heavy support Aligning pole (d= 5 cm) should make deformations possible.

London Underground Limited have extended the Jubilee line from Green Park to Stratford in East London. The Jubilee line Extension is 15.4km long and located predominately underground with several new stations along its route. London Bridge Station (Contract 104) is one of the major stations and includes comnnections to, and an up-grade of the existing Northern line Platforms. The main contractor, a Costain-Taylor Woodrow Joint Venture, commissioned Dr. Sauer & Partners to design the NATM works which comprised running tunnels, station tunnels, ventilation tunnels, and concourse tunnels as well as temporary access headings with internal spans of between 4.8m and 11.3m. The tunnels were excvavated predominately in London Clay with NATM works starting in the spring of 1994 and being completed in 1996.

The Russia Wharf segment is the last, but most challenging section of the Silverline Phase II construction for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). The line is designed to provide a dualmode bus rapid transit connection between the central business district in South Boston to the new Convention Center. The tunnel passes diagonally under the 100 year old Russia Wharf complex, which comprises three seven-story buildings with steel frames and brick facades listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The chosen construction method was NATM in conjunction with ground freezing, for the first time in the US. Steel fibre reinforced concrete was used for temporary and permanent lining.