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Waterproofing & Water Control

Section B11b, Glenmont Route, Glenmont Station

Service Performed
Waterproofing Design and Construction Support Services
Commencement - Services
January 05, 1994
Completion - Services
December 25, 1997
Location
Washington, DC
United States
Technical data

PVC membrane waterproofing system with side drains for Cut & Cover station, including ventilation and service rooms, station entrances and a 600 ft (183 m) long vaulted platform structure. Overall station length: 966 ft (294 m); average depth: 50 ft (15 m), waterproofed area: 180,000 sqft (16700 m²).

Geology description

Stiff to hard brown micaceous silty fine sand, jointed slightly weathered brown hornblende gneiss and jointed quartz.

Description

Glenmont, MD is a suburban community located approximately 12 miles north of Washington, DC. The Glenmont Station is located beneath Layhill Road north of Georgia Avenue and features a center paltform and an arch architecture. The Tunnel alignment runs along Georgia Avenue, a busy street flanked by shopping centers and private homes, and connects the Weathon Station with the Glenmont station. Four ground categories and support classes were developed according to the prevalent geology. The contract allowed for changes to the support elements with the engineer's approval and modifications to the ground support categories were made based upon observations of the ground behavior and the initial lining. Monitoring was performed with a variety of instruments (convergence bolts, inclinometers, extensometers, pressures cells, etc). The tunnel waterproofing system is an integral part of the project design and comprises a PVC membrane on a non-woven geotextile over the whole section from side drain to side drain. This system has ensured a dry Tunnel and Station and provided the owner with low maintenance costs.

Categories
Service areas
Waterproofing & Water Control
Installation of first Lattice Girder
Inside Station, Portals of Tunnels
Station, Outside, Membrane
Reinforcement, Water Barrier
Completed Station from Mezzanine
Station Overview, Side Waterproofing
Waterproofing Connection at Running Tunnel Portal
Station Wall, Water Barrier
Completed Station from Platform
Steel & Wood Lagging, Side Drainage
Membrane, Water Stop
Change in protection system from rockwool board to PVC membrane
Regular rockwool board protection layer
Waterproofing system with water barrier sectioning
Water barrier pattern
Water barrier embedded into the arched roof
Pouring upper arch supports against installed waterproofing
Installing reinforcement for the invert pour
Single-welding PVC protection membrane onto water barrier
Applying waterproofing onto inbound wall
Longitudinal Section
Typical Station Cross Section
Open-Cut Waterproofing
Formwork on Cut & Cover Station Roof
View of Cut & Cover Station Roof Waterproofing
Finished Running Tunnel Lining
Waterproofing Connection at Running Tunnel Portal
Waterproofing Application on vertical Wall
Waterproofing Details
Welding Waterproofing Membrane and Water Barrier
Completed Station from Mezzanine
Completed Station from Platform

Greenbelt Route Section E8a

Service Performed
Alternative NATM Design and Instrumentation
Estimated cost
$50,000,000
Commencement - Services
April 30, 1985
Completion - Services
May 31, 1993
Location
Washington, DC
United States
Technical data

Two single track running tunnels, L= 6,170 ft (1880m) each, (E Line) 3 Shafts and Cross Adits

Geology description

Clay, sandy clay and sand, parts with some gravel and occasional boulders, decomposed bedrock and weathered bedrock.

Service areas
Tunnel Design & Specialities, Waterproofing & Water Control

Berry Street Tunnel

Client
Service Performed
Value engineering design and construction supervision
Commencement - Services
September 27, 1996
Completion - Services
December 28, 1997
Location
Pittsburgh, PA
United States
Technical data

Enlargement of a 2,800 ft (853 m) long, two laned brick lined tunnel to a 34 ft (10 m) wide horseshoe shaped tunnel with approx. 150 ft (46 m) of overburden. Primary lining: steel fibre reinforced shotcrete and lattice girders. Waterproof membrane with an unreinforced concrete secondary lining.

Geology description

Medium hard to soft sandstone and shale with thin beds of coal and claystone, non-cohesive fill of the original cut and cover section.

Geology types
Description

The original tunnel was built in 1865 as a 12 ft wide (4 m) single-track rail tunnel. It was widened in 1873 to 25 ft (8 m) double-track with a 26 in-thick (66 cm), brick-lined horseshoe design. After several structural repairs, mainly for spalling bricks, it was finally closed in the early 1960s. More than 30 years later the Port Authority of Allegheny County saw benefits in adapting the former railroad alignment and right of way to its new bus way connection between downtown Pittsburgh and the new Pittsburgh International Airport. A NATM value engineered proposal in the tunnel refurbishment contract provided US $ 2 mil cost savings compared to the original bid. The redesign was based on elevating the tunnel alignment so that the future tunnel crown could be excavated in better ground conditions and on changing the proposed horseshoe to a "rounded" cross section. This combined with the utilization of the NATM allowed a 40 % reduction in shotcrete thickness, a 22 % reduction in concrete lining thickness and the elimination of the reinforcement in the final lining. Furthermore, the NATM proposal eliminated pre-excavation grouting (200,000 bags of cement) and over 10,000 rock bolts while reducing lining thickness. During tunneling up to three headings were excavated simultaneously, one from each portal and one started within the tunnel, averaging a total excavation progress of 15.4 ft (4.7 m) /24h day. Following waterproofing, the concrete lining was completed 16 month after beginning of the reconstruction.

Final cost
$18,000,000
Service areas
Cross and Longitudinal Section
Cross Section
Southwest Portal before Rehabilitation
Hydraulic Ram removing existing Brick Lining
Voids in Tunnel Crown
Shotcrete Application after removing Bricks
Waterproofing System installed
View of the Shotcrete Canopy Section
Final Lining Shutter
Completed Southwest Portal
Lattice girder erection
Shotcreting of Canopy
Waterproofing Completed
Formwork and Carrier
Dwg./ Cross Section and Longitudinal Section
Removal of the Existing Brick Lining
Southwest Portal Completed
Rebar Spiling at Crown
Instalation of Rockbolts
Cross Section, Geology, Overbreak
Cross Section, Overbreak
SFR Shotcrete, Rock Dowels
Canopy,Lattice Girders, Shotcreting
Final Lining, Cast in Place

MBTA, Russia Wharf Segment, Section CC03A

Service Performed
NATM detailed design and site supervision during construction.
Commencement - Services
December 28, 1996
Completion - Services
December 19, 2004
Location
Boston
Boston, MD 02101
United States
Technical data

Road tunnel with 2 lanes and a lenght of 400 ft. Study into the construction of either a single tunnel or a binocular tunnel with central pier using the shotcrete support method with ground freezing pre-support to protect overlying historic building.

Geology description

Made ground, peat, glacial till (cohesive, plastic). The peat horizon undulates along the route, in places it is expected to be exposed in the top half of the proposed tunnel face.

Geology types
Description

The Russia Wharf segment is the last, but most challenging section of the Silverline Phase II construction for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). The line is designed to provide a dualmode bus rapid transit connection between the central business district in South Boston to the new Convention Center. The tunnel passes diagonally under the 100 year old Russia Wharf complex, which comprises three seven-story buildings with steel frames and brick facades listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The chosen construction method was NATM in conjunction with ground freezing, for the first time in the US. Steel fibre reinforced concrete was used for temporary and permanent lining.

 

Final cost
$18,000,000
Construction methods
Special Construction techniques
Tunneling under
Groundwater control
 Overview of West Cofferdam
Sheet Pile Wall
Excavation of T.H. first round
Reflectors for the monitoring
4 Bar L.G.
Short tunneling
Steel pile for underpinning
Close up of L.G.
Convergence Bolt before schotcreting
4 Bar longitudinal L.G.
Shotcrete at the face of T.H. & Bench
Installation of spiles
Spiles installed
Spiles installed
Wood piles
Installation of Spiles
Excavation of Invert
 Pile Shoe Reinforcement in T.H.
L.G & Wire Mesh installed
Butt plate connection
Butt plate connection
L.G & Wire mesh, Wood piles,Pile for underpinning
Wood files
Shotcreting, Pile for Underpinning
Overview of west Cofferdam
Overview of "Russia Wharf Building"
Overview of "Russia Wharf Building"
L.G & Wire Mesh, Pile for underpinning
L.G. installation
Pile Shoe reinforcement in T.H
View of tunnel and Graphic Arts Building
L.G. & Wire Mesh at Portal Area
Wood Piles, Pile for Underpinning
Compressible Pad onto wood piles
Wood piles, piles for underpinning
Profiling in T.H using Roadheader
View of "Russia Wharf Buildings"
Wood piles, Piles for underpinning
Shotcreting
Waterproofing at Invert, Water Barriers
Installed Waterproofing, Formwork for Center Wall
Installation of Rebar Spile
Installation of Rebar Spile
L.G & Wire Mesh installed, Shotcrete Invert in T.H.
Overview Tunnel Inside
L.G. & Wire Mesh, Piles for Undpinning
L.G. & Wire Mesh, Halfenbox
Shotcrete Tunnel completed
Grouting of Spiles completed
Waterproofing installed at Invert, Halfenbox
Reinforcement of center wall
Reinforcement of a Blockout in the center wall
Pouring concrete of Invert
Invert
Welding operation
Control & Grouting Pipe, Reinjectable Hose
Control & Grouting Pipe, Fuco Hose
Top of Centerwall
Reinforcement of Shotcrete
Installation of L.G. 1st round
Excavation of 2nd half of Binocular T.
Excavation of 2nd half of Binocular T.
Shotcrete F.L., Center wall
Binocular Tunnel
Installation of spiles
Freezing Pipes
Freezing Pipes
1st half of binocular T.
1st half of binocular T.
Pile shoe reinforcement in T.H.
Plan View of the Binocular Tunnel
Tower Crane View
Tower Crane View of Russia Wharf Complex
Tower Crane View of Russia Wharf Complex
Longitudinal Section for the Binocular Tunnel
Binocular Tunnel Section
Ground Freezing Tubes and Settlement Compensation under Russia Wharf
Top Heading Excavation cutting old wooden support piles
Reinforcing and Encasing cutted wooden Piles
Reinforcement of Middlewall of Binocular Tunnel
Excavation of the second Tube of the Binocular Tunnel
Waterproofing of the Binocular Tunnel
Freezing Pipes at surface
Shoe reinforcementon timber piles
Project number
263D
Final cost
$18 million USD

Bergen Tunnel Rehabilitation

Client
Service Performed
Geotechnical investigation, structural computations, preliminary rehabilitation design and supervision of rehabilitation works.
Estimated cost
$56,000,000
Commencement - Services
May 25, 2001
Completion - Services
October 17, 2002
Location
Jersey City
Jersey City, NJ 07304
United States
Technical data

Widening of a 4,300 ft (1310 m) long, 25 ft (7.6 m) wide double track, partially brick-lined railway tunnel built in the late 1800s. Excavation and support according to the principles of NATM with two support types. Flexible membrane waterproofing and cast in place final lining.

Geology description

Moderately close to closely jointed and fractured diabase; light gray to dark gray, very hard with moderate water infiltration.

Description

The Bergen Tunnel on the New Jersey Transit network is a double track, horseshoe shaped rail tunnel, built in the 1870s, passing through fractured diabase. Over time, water ingress has caused operational problems. In 2000 the owner decided to undertake major structural rehabilitation. The brick lining was stripped out and the original profile was enlarged to take a new reinforced in-situ concrete lining and drainage system. Old ventilation shafts were backfilled. Two large openings were retained for tunnel ventilation, emergency access and to house new power and electrical substations.

Activity
Final cost
$56,000,000
Service areas
Installation of membrane waterproofing system
Rehabilitated tunnel with final cast-in-place lining
Before Rehabilitation - East Tunnel
Portal Slope Stabilization
Typical Cross Section
Results of initial Blast to remove Brick Lining
Void Reinforcement
Shotcrete Robot
Final Lining Form and exposed Waterproofing System
Vent
Lettice Shotcrete
Existing bricklining
Before shotcreting
Side drain
Unsupported rock portal
Shotcrete portal
Shotcrete lining
Unsupported Tunnel wall
shotcreting
complete shotcreting
Complete shotcrete
Installtion of spiles
Spiling
Footing
complete installation
Sidedraine
Project number
265
Final cost
$56 million USD

World Trade Center Station - South Boston Piers Transitway

Service Performed
Waterproofing design and supervision
Commencement - Services
December 30, 1996
Completion - Services
October 22, 1998
Location
Boston, MA
United States
Technical data

PVC membrane waterproofing for 150 ft (64 m) of Cut & Cover tunnel, an open cut station and 300 ft (91 m) of boat section. Waterproofing details for over 400 foundation piles and 380 conduit penetrations in groundwater were developed.

Geology description

Silty sand overlaying moderately plastic, organic silt to 18 ft (5.5 m). Below this, layers of uniform fine grey and yellow brown sand and silty sand to a depth of 39 ft (12 m), beneath which is moderately plastic, medium stiff olive grey clay. High water table.

Categories
Service areas
Site Supervision & CM, QA/QC, Waterproofing & Water Control
Station Profile and Section showing Waterproofing System at Base Slab and Walls
View of Construction Site
Installation of Waterproofing Membrane at Base Slab
Geotextile underlying the PVC Membrane
Welding the Membrane Pieces and fixing the Water Barriers
Installation of Waterproofing System on vertical Walls
Installation of Waterproofing System on Top of Cut & Cover Tunnel

Courthouse Station - South Boston Piers Transitway

Client
Service Performed
Waterproofing Design and Supervision
Estimated cost
$1,800,000
Commencement - Services
December 30, 1997
Completion - Services
December 22, 1998
Location
Boston, MA
United States
Technical data

PVC membrane waterproofing at roof and invert for 460 ft (140 m) of Cut & Cover station with additional polypropylene membrance waterproofing and drainage system at side walls. West of the station 975 ft (297 m) of Cut & Cover tunnel with fully applied PVC membrane waterproofing.

Geology description

Sand and gravel overlaying a moderately plastic, organic silt, which exists to a depth of 24 ft (7 m). Below this, layers of uniform fine brown silty sand and sandy silt to 37 ft (11.2 m). Below this stiff olive grey silty clay. High water table.

Geology types
Categories
Service areas
Waterproofing & Water Control

Pavonia / Newport Station - Rehabilitation

Service Performed
Rehabilitation design of a waterproofing system
Commencement - Services
May 30, 1999
Completion - Services
October 22, 2000
Location
Jersey City, NJ
United States
Technical data

Design of a flexible membrane waterproofing system for the stations southern arch ceiling and mechanical room. Removal of approx. 2.5 inch (64 mm) of existing Gunite ceiling. Installation of remedial waterproofing and water ingress diversion system with structural support frame covered by a 2 inch (51 mm) shotcrete ceiling.

Geology description

Not applicable to this project.

Final cost
$276,000
Service areas
Rehabilitation & Tunnel Widening, Waterproofing & Water Control
Inspection of Tunnel Lining
Coss Section
South End of Station
Column with ceiling Water Intrusion

Big Walker Tunnel - Rehabilitation

Service Performed
Rehabilitation design services
Commencement - Services
February 22, 2001
Completion - Services
October 17, 2001
Location
Richmond, VA
United States
Technical data

2 two-lane highway tunnels constructed in 1971. Length: 4229 ft (1289 m) each; cross section: 907 sqft (84 m²). Design of remedial waterproofing and diversion system installed in air ducts and on vertical walls. Project focused on minimizing vehicular flow disruptions and lane closures.

Geology description

Brown Shale

Geology types
Final cost
$7,500,000
Service areas
Rehabilitation & Tunnel Widening, Waterproofing & Water Control
Big Walker Tunnel Portal
East River Mountain Tunnel Portal
Damaged Tunnel Lining
Water Ingress Damage to Tunnel Lining
Concrete Corrosion at Side Air Conduits and Tunnel Sidewall Drains
Rehabilitation Cross Section
Detail of Waterproofing System
East River Mountain Tunnel
Tunnel Portal
Water Ingress in Air Duct

DART - Dallas Area Rapid Transit, Tunnels Inspection

Service Performed
Design and Supervision of Leak Remediation Measures
Location
Dallas, TX
United States
Technical data

Leak remediation measures at the East and West Connector to the Mezzanine Level of City Place Station. Measures consistend of joint and crack grouting, the installation of a felxible membrane lining on the structural concrete lining and a cleaning of the existing drainage system.

Description

Leak remediation measures at the East and West Connector to the Mezzanine Level of City Place Station. Measures consistend of joint and crack grouting, the installation of a felxible membrane lining on the structural concrete lining and a cleaning of the existing drainage system.

Service areas
Rehabilitation & Tunnel Widening, Waterproofing & Water Control
Construction methods

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