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Urban Rail/Bus Stations and Tunnels

Bond Street Station Upgrade Execution

Service Performed
Design of SCL tunnels and access shafts linked to Central, Jubilee line, and Crossrail Link Passage. Construction supervision.
Commencement - Services
June 01, 2013
Completion - Services
May 01, 2016
Location
Oxford Street
London
W1C 2HU
United Kingdom
Geology description

London Clay

Geology types
Description

Bond Street Station serves an interchange between the Jubilee Line, the Central Line and the future Crossrail Station. New tunnels including access and lift shafts, construction adits, binocular cross passage tunnels, large concourse and connection chambers, underpass and over-bridge tunnels cutting through existing platform tunnels, and an inclined escalator tunnel were constructed in very close proximity to existing London Underground structures.

Activity
Categories
Urban Rail/Bus Stations and Tunnels
Tunneling under
Max Overburden
10-50m
Max Excavation Area (m2)
25-55m2
Excavation connection chamber
Secondary lining escalator tunnel
SCL spray of Connection Chamber
SCL Access Tunnel
SCL Tunnel connecting to existing Cast Iron Passage Way
SCL Tunnel, Excavation of Escalator Tunnel
SCL Shaft, breakout for SCL tunnel
SCL Side Drift Tunnel
Project number
419E
Final cost
£150 million GBP

Bond Street Station Upgrade Design

Service Performed
Design of the primary and secondary sprayed concrete linings, 3D FE modelling of all SCL tunnels including excavation steps and ground movement assessments.
Commencement - Services
January 01, 2011
Completion - Services
January 01, 2013
Location
Oxford Street
London
W1C 2HU
United Kingdom
Geology description

The tunnel horizon is generally within the London Clay formation with the lowest tunnels sitting in the Lambeth Group, where clay layers and water bearing clayey sands are inter-changing.

Geology types
Description

Bond Street tube station is a major gateway to London's West End served by both the Central and Jubilee lines. As part of the LU tube upgrade plan, the station is undergoing a major upgrade to increase capacity, improve accessibility and create interchange with the new Crossrail station. The project provides two additional escalators from the interchange level to the Jubilee line, low-level interchange route between the Central and Jubilee lines, a new step-free entrance, ticket hall and new lifts. The majority of the tunnelling works will be mechanically excavated and lined with sprayed concrete.

Activity
Categories
Urban Rail/Bus Stations and Tunnels
Final cost
$150,000,000
Construction methods
Tunneling under
Max Excavation Area (m2)
15-90m2
Tunnel length
370m
3D view of proposed tunnelling and existing infrastructure
Connection chamber one
Graphic  showing split of 3D FE models
3D Graphic showing construction site and building frame used for laydown/plant
Northern Tunnels in relation to Jubilee Line platforms and Post Office Tunnel
Binocular Tunnel at Jubilee Platform level
Project number
419D1
Final cost
£150 million GBP

Tottenham Court Road Station Upgrade Execution

Client
Service Performed
Design of SCL tunnels and access shafts linked to both Central and Northern line. Supervision during construction.
Commencement - Services
March 01, 2011
Completion - Services
January 01, 2016
Location
Oxford Street
London
W1D 1AN
United Kingdom
Geology description

London Clay formation

Geology types
Description

The major upgrade to the LU Tottenham Court Road Station has been proposed to relieve congestion, achieve step-free access and modernise the station. The major elements of the station upgrade comprised a new enlarged sub-surface ticket hall, a fire-fighting access / emergency escape shaft linked to both Central and Northern lines, a triple escalator barrel, and concourses to the Northern and Central lines. In the latter concourse two new overbridges were included to lead to the platforms via new stairs and lifts. For the tunnelling works, a particularly challenging part was to design and construct the two SCL overbridges over the operational Central line.

Activity
Categories
Urban Rail/Bus Stations and Tunnels
Final cost
$480,000,000
Tunneling under
Max Overburden
10-20m
Max Excavation Area (m2)
23-104m2
Tunnel length
13-104m
SCL side drift tunnel
Aerial view of the construction site
Sprayed Waterproofing Membrane
SCL Crosspassage
SCL Tunnel, overbridging operational Central Line Tunnel
SCL Excavation through existing Structure
Project number
411E
Final cost
£480 million GBP

Tottenham Court Road Station Upgrade Design

Client
Service Performed
Design of numerous temporary sprayed concrete lined shaft and tunnel structures, and the waterproofing system for the upgrade of the existing London Underground Tottenham Court Road Station.
Commencement - Services
August 01, 2007
Completion - Services
January 01, 2010
Location
Oxford Street
London
London
W1D 1AN
United Kingdom
Technical data

Tottenham Court Road Station is a London Underground station situated in central London. The station serves as an interchange between the Central and Northern lines. Over 150,000 passengers use the station daily.

Geology description

London Clay Formation (over-consolidated, very stiff to hard clay)

Geology types
Description

Currently over 150,000 passengers use the station daily and with the completion of Crossrail in 2017, passenger numbers are expected to increase to over 200,000. The tunnels are of diameters between 4.0m and 11.0m and typically consist of a temporary sprayed concrete primary lining, a spray applied waterproofing membrane and a cast-in-place concrete secondary lining. Multiple transitions and interfaces to existing LU structures make for a challenging design and construction project under the busy streets of central London.

Activity
Categories
Urban Rail/Bus Stations and Tunnels
Final cost
$480,000,000
Construction methods
Special Construction techniques
Tunneling under
Max Excavation Area (m2)
23-104m2
Tunnel length
13-104m
Overview of new tunnel works
General arrangement of sprayed concrete overbridge
Northern line concourse tunnel with cross passages
Installation of steel transfer beam
Excavation and support of Northern line concourse tunnel
Removal of existing backfilled structure
Project number
411D
Final cost
£480 million GBP

Crossrail Eastern Running Tunnels

Service Performed
Shaft and tunnel design, engineering support, geotechnical engineering and site supervision services.
Commencement - Services
February 01, 2011
Completion - Services
December 01, 2012
Location
London
London
EC1M 6BY
United Kingdom
Geology description

Geological locations of the cross passages vary from London Clay to Lambeth Group and Thanet Sands.

Geology types
Description

Contract C305 is the biggest design-bid-build construction contract of the Crossrail (CRL) project and includes the eastern running tunnels of CRL's central section with launch shafts and SCL launch adits for TBMs at Limmo Peninsula, SCL caverns and launch adits for TBMs at Stepney Green and 10 SCL cross passages between the running tunnels with lengths up to 30m. At the Limmo Peninsula site a 40m deep and 30m diameter SCL shaft was built. At the shaft bottom in Stepney Green, two 30m long and up to 10m wide SCL launch adits were constructed followed by two 14m high and up to 18m wide, SCL caverns with single sidedrift and double sidedrift cross sections.

Activity
Categories
Urban Rail/Bus Stations and Tunnels
Construction methods
Max Excavation Area (m2)
50-130m2
Tunnel length
15m
Limmo Main Shaft
Limmo Auxiliary Shaft bottom
Platform Tunnel West - Excavation - TBM Tunnel Enlargement
3D Model Limmo Auxiliary Shaft
Limmo Shafts and Tunnel layout - left Auxiliary Shaft - right Main Shaft
Project number
222E3
Final cost
£500 million GBP

Crossrail Farringdon Station Execution

Service Performed
Tunnel design, engineering support, geotechnical engineering and site supervision services were provided.
Commencement - Services
March 01, 2013
Completion - Services
November 01, 2015
Location
39 Cowcross Street
London
EC1M 6BY
United Kingdom
Technical data

Located in the heart of Crossrail, Farringdon is one of London’s major rail interchange stations, providing connections between three networks (Thameslink, Crossrail and London Underground). Dr. Sauer & Partners provided 24/7 supervision support during the SCL works.

Geology description

The majority of the tunnelling takes place within the Lambeth Group formations.

Geology types
Description

Farringdon station is now one of London's major rail interchange stations, providing connections between three networks. During the construction of the Crossrail project, it also received four earth pressure balanced tunnel boring machines (TBMs): the two Drive X TBMs, running from Royal Oak to Farringdon and the two Drive Y TBMs, running from Limmo to Farringdon. The complete station layout will comprise two ticket halls, two platform tunnels, connecting cross passages, escape and ventilation adits, two escalator - inclines and two concourse tunnels constructed using mainly SCL tunnelling.

Activity
Categories
Urban Rail/Bus Stations and Tunnels
Bid cost
$300,000,000
Final cost
$400,000,000
Construction methods
Special Construction techniques
Tunneling under
Max Excavation Area (m2)
25-110m2
Tunnel length
1000m
Western ticket hall site overview
Cross passage 3 from platform tunnel east
Platform Tunnel West - RTE2 excavation - TBM Turn and Bury
Western Ticket Hall Site Overview I
Platform Tunnel West - TBM Tunnel Enlargement
Project number
222E5
Final cost
£400 million GBP

Crossrail Farringdon Station Design

Service Performed
Design of the primary sprayed concrete linings and excavation stability including depressurisation/dewatering. 3D FE modelling of all SCL tunnels including excavation steps.
Commencement - Services
April 01, 2012
Completion - Services
October 01, 2015
Location
39 Cowcross Street
London
London
EC1M 6BY
United Kingdom
Technical data

The BFK joint venture was awarded the constrction contract for Farringdon Crossrail station in 2011. BFK appointed Dr. Sauer & Partners as consultants for all sprayed concrete lining (SCL) tunnelling works prior to ring closure. 

Geology description

From the ground surface to the bedrock the geology comprised made ground, river terrace deposits, followed by London Clay, Lambeth Group formation, Thanet Sands and chalk.

Geology types
Description

Farringdon station is situated at the heart of London's rail network and will be one of its major rail interchange stations, which will link Crossrail, Thameslink services and London Underground trains. The station layout includes two ticket halls, two escalator inclines, two platform tunnels, connecting cross passages, concourse tunnels and ventilation adits. The chosen tunnelling system for Farringdon Station was sprayed concrete lining (SCL). The station comprised a total of 1km of SCL tunnels at depths of up to 35m below ground level and excavation cross-sections varying from 25m2 to 110m2.

Activity
Categories
Urban Rail/Bus Stations and Tunnels
Final cost
$400,000,000
Construction methods
Tunneling under
Max Excavation Area (m2)
25-110m2
Tunnel length
1000m
General view of the Crossrail route with focus on Farringdon Station
Western ticket hall and SCL tunnels
CP1 (left), CP1-CH1 connection adit (centre) and PL2RC (right)
Plan view of the station showing the projection of the Faults at tunnel axis level and the Sand lenses
Probing in CP1
Cycle of risk reduction through the implementation of geotechnical risk management tools
Project number
222D5
Final cost
£400 million GBP

Chinatown Station

Service Performed
Conceptual, preliminary, detailed design of underground caverns, egress tunnels and mined shafts; scheduling and cost estimating; risk management; specifications and tender. Onsite support during construction.
Estimated cost
$1,600,000,000
Commencement - Services
March 01, 2016
Completion - Services
March 31, 2018
Location
425 Market Street Suite 1700
San Francisco, CA 94105
United States
Geology description

The geology ranges from soft clay (Bay Clay) to stiff sands (Colma Sands) and competent to highly fractured rock (Franciscan Formation). The groundwater table is generally above the cavern springline.

Geology types
Description

Chinatown Station is the Northern Terminus of the Third Street Light Rail Project, which is located in a dense urban neighbourhood, underneath a busy street and directly adjacent to numerous old buildings, as well as one high-rise building. The station encompasses a Cut-and-Cover headhouse for passenger entry, three large station caverns and an emergency egress shaft. In order to minimise excavation volume and optimise cost and schedule, the ventilation ducts are located below the platform level, and routed into the headhouse.

Activity
Categories
Urban Rail/Bus Stations and Tunnels
Construction methods
Special Construction techniques
Tunneling under
Groundwater control
Tunnel length
2.7km
Excavation and support sequence of large urban cavern
Large urban cavern under construction
Excavation and support sequence - longitudinal section
Chinatown, San Francisco Dense Urban Neighborhood
Overall Station Layout, Headhouse and Caverns (Rendering by JV)
Station Cavern with Center Platform, Mezzanine and Ventilation Ducts
Proposed Mitigation Measures for adjacent Buildings
Complex 3D Finite Element Analyses
Project number
358E
Final cost
$1.6 billion USD
Completion date
Ongoing

Bank Station Capacity Upgrade - Design

Service Performed
Design of tunnels and shafts (primary lining, waterproofing, secondary lining). SCL, squareworks and connections to existing assets.
Commencement - Services
August 01, 2013
Completion - Services
May 01, 2022
Location
London
London
EC3V 3LA
United Kingdom
Technical data

An important transport hub on the London Underground network, Bank Station forms an interchange between five lines. The Capacity Upgrade project comprises the construction of a new platform tunnel, associated running tunnel and step-free access provision.

Geology description

The geology is expected to comprise London Clay formation overlain by Quaternary superficial deposits comprising river terrace deposits and alluvium which are generally overlain by made ground.

Geology types
Description

Bank Station is a London Underground station located in the City of London financial district. It is a key interchange served by five lines. The Bank Station Capacity Upgrade (BSCU) aims to relieve heavy passenger congestion during peak hours for boarding, alighting and interchange. The capacity upgrade comprises the construction of a new southbound platform tunnel and associated length of running tunnel for the Northern line, connecting passageways to the existing station tunnels, and the provision of step-free access from King William Street. The total length of tunnels is 1,300m with tunnel cross sections that range from 10m2 up to 90m2.

Activity
Categories
Urban Rail/Bus Stations and Tunnels
Construction methods
Tunneling under
BSCU project overview
3D render of existing and new structures
2D Phase 2 analysis for a situation where new tunnels are above the existing assets
King William Street station entrance
Location/Footprint of the proposed 3D FE models.
3D pdf cut for escalator 4, including new and existing assets upon completion
Project number
451D
Final cost
£563.8 million GBP
Completion date
Ongoing

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